Watksinville, GA: 2020, 2021, 2022 <BR>Cover crops and living mulch (two annuals, one perennial, & bare ground): <BR>Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) at 112 kg ha-1 <BR>Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) at 22 kg ha-1 <BR>White clover (Trifolium repens L. ‘Durana®’) at 22 kg ha-1 <BR>Bare ground <BR>DG 3615 Cotton (93,898 seed/ha) <BR>Irrigated based on UGA check book method (Porter, 2021) <BR>Randomized complete block design<BR>Materials and Methods<BR>Annuals<BR>No previous Palmer amaranth population <BR>(2020) 25,000 seed m-2 (Palmer amaranth) placed in 9 m-2 subplots <BR>20 soil cores (annually) for seed bank density <BR>Seeds collected from end-of-season added back to each plot<BR>